Not quite. The wealth of a few hid the poverty of many. Government corruption was also rampant. Social classes were highly unequal despite the efforts of reformers.

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Not quite. The Second Industrial Revolution, based on steel, railroads, electricity, and petroleum products, followed the First Industrial Revolution of the 18th century.

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Not quite.Instruction in public schools focused on culture and literacy to Americanize immigrants. Catholic schools formed to resist cultural change, including Protestant religious instruction found in public schools. Many late 19th century Catholic schools taught students in their native language instead of English.

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Not quite. Child labor, temperance, civil service reform, women's rights, and education, were all among the late 1800 reform movements.

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Not quite. Entrepreneurs took risks and made innovative changes that decreased production costs but allowed for the rise of monopolies (single sellers). New technologies supported the concentration of entire markets into a few well-capitalized (wealthy) hands.

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Not quite. The Transcontinental Railroad linked the East and West coasts by 1869. This enormous economic contribution had been anticipated for many years by the time of its completion.

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Not quite. The Social Gospel, espoused and implemented most noticeably by many urban Protestants, was the fire to the reform movements that addressed civil service, public education, settlement houses, labor, and temperance.

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Not quite. The American Federation of Labor was a skilled craft union led by Samuel Gompers. This elitist group was distinguished by its realistic and simple goals.

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Not quite. The entire U.S. Population shifted westward, closed off any unsettled areas, and resulted in Indian conflicts. The Homestead Act (1862), which granted public land to settlers, was a pull factor.

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Not quite. Excepting Grover Cleveland, every president from the end of the Civil War until Woodrow Wilson's election in 1913 was a Republican.

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Not quite. Congress passed the Dawes Act to protect and Americanize the Indians. Individual Indians were given farms and an eventual promise of citizenship.

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Not quite. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first immigration restriction. It was a response to weak economic conditions and opposition to the culture of Chinatowns, which concentrated Chinese male laborers.

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Not quite. The free enterprise system ("laissez-faire") called for no government interference in industry. Congress and courts supported patent protection.

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Not quite. Most immigrants were unskilled workers who found work due to America's industrialization. Illiteracy was a social ill that reformers sought to fix through public schooling and settlement houses.

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Not quite. The civil service reform movement fought against the ethnic political machines that ran large cities. Some states adopted civil service exams to combat the spoils system whereby unqualified (and sometimes illiterate) persons obtained city jobs.

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Not quite. When newspapers reported a "land of gold," many people migrated to Canada and Alaska.

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Not quite. The Populist third party movement united former Union farmers in the mid-west with southern farmers. They fought to protect farmers and the agriculture business.

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Not quite. The Populist party wanted to increase money circulation (mint silver, print greenbacks) to reduce the value of the dollar (deflation is good for debtors). They supported government regulation or ownership of railroads and banks to protect them from monopolies.

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Not quite. Jennings represented the Democratic Party and lost to William McKinley. The support of farmers caused him to win the electoral votes of the South and West, excluding California and Oregon.

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Not quite. Greedy and/or fearful and/or hateful individuals and small groups tried to isolate and destroy the Indians. Army troops sent by the U.S. government sometimes protected Indians and sometimes fought them.

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